What is melasma?
Melasma is a common skin condition that affects both men and women in Singapore, although it is more common in women. Pregnant women, especially, are at a higher risk of developing melasma. This condition causes dark patches or freckle-like spots on the skin that are dark brown or blue-gray, typically occurring on the stomach and face. It is also sometimes known as chloasma or the “mask of pregnancy”.
Although anyone can develop melasma, it is especially common in middle-aged Asian women (aged 20 to 40) with dark skin, compared to light-skinned women. Melasma only affects the skin and does not cause other symptoms. However, it can be an aesthetic concern for many individuals and may impact mental health as it can cause low self-esteem, poor self-confidence, and body image issues.
What are the common causes of melasma in Singapore?
The primary cause of melasma is an overproduction of melanin. Our epidermis (the top layer of skin) comprises melanocytes, cells that produce pigments (melanin). Several factors can cause these melanocytes to overproduce melanin, leading to dark patches known as melasma.
The reason for this overproduction depends on the individual. In general, these are the common factors that lead to melasma:
Developing melasma during pregnancy is very common. This is due to increased oestrogen and progesterone hormones, believed to cause melasma.
Certain personal care, cosmetics, and skincare products, such as soaps and creams, may trigger melasma if they irritate your skin or cause a phototoxic reaction.
Thyroid disease or issues have been linked to melasma, as the thyroid releases certain hormones. When the thyroid is faulty, melasma may occur.
What are the symptoms of melasma?
Symptoms of melasma include:
- Light brown, dark brown, or blue-gray patches on the body that are symmetrical in appearance
- Spots that look like freckles
- Dark patches on the nipples, armpits, and genitals (typically for pregnancy-related melasma)
Is melasma painful?
Melasma itself does not cause any pain or discomfort. It appears as dark patches on the skin but should not cause itchiness or pain. If it does, seek treatment immediately, as it could indicate another medical condition.
Who is at risk of melasma in Singapore?
Melasma is a common skin condition in Singapore that can affect anyone. However, those who take certain medications, are pregnant, have thyroid problems, have a family history of melasma, or spend too much time in the sun may be at a higher risk of developing melasma. Women of Asian descent in their 20s to 40s with darker skin may also be more prone to developing melasma.
Melasma may be temporary or permanent, depending on the cause. It usually disappears or is reduced for pregnant women after pregnancy.
How is melasma identified?
Melasma is typically identified through a visual examination.
How is melasma managed in Singapore?
Management for melasma in Singapore depends on the severity of the skin condition and the individual. These are the common options that are currently available for melasma:
- Topical skincare products: in mild cases of melasma, topical creams may be recommended to reduce the darkened patches on the skin.
- Facials: targeted facials that reduce pigmentation and melasma may be helpful for those with this skin condition.
Frequently asked questions
Melasma is common and harmless. It typically occurs during pregnancy or due to overexposure to sunlight. It is not usually a cause of medical concern but can lead to poor self-esteem and low self-confidence.